1912-1961 Timeline

Transylvania Timeline

1912

• Louis Carr started Carr Lumber Company in Pisgah Forest. He built one of the largest band saw mills in the state
• Silversteen established the Rosman Tanning and Extract Company. Constructed a number of Mill houses of various designs and sizes
• United Daughters of the Confederacy established a 600 sq foot cottage on the courthouse lawn. This - and the 3,000 donated books - was the start of the Transylvania County Library
• The Greater Western North Carolina Association published its first information guide to “The Land of Sky” in which Transylvania County was listed as “The Land of Waterfalls”

1913

• Camp French Broad for Boys established as the first summer camp
• Biltmore Forest School closed

1914

• Camp Sapphire for Boys established by Bill Fetzer and his brothers Robert Fetzer
• Edith Vanderbilt sells 70,000 acres to the federal government for $433,500

1916

• Pisgah National Forest established, proclamation signed by President Woodrow Wilson
• Moltz Lumber Company started operations
• The Great Flood of 1916. Heavy rains from multiple tropical storm systems plagued the area and caused massive flooding. Damage from the landslides and flooding extended over much of the south-central mountain area. The July 15-16 flood is considered the flood of record in western North Carolina. These same heavy rains caused catastophic failure of the Lake Toxaway Dam on August 13. This triggered a debris flow along the Toxaway River that traveled over seven miles into South Carolina. “Approximately 5,376,548,571 gallons of water changed hands.” As a result, the Lake Toxaway Inn went out of business.
• Rosman High School was organized. 1 After students had been attending classes in homes and churches, Rosman High School was organized in 1916. The wooden building, constructed on land donated by Joseph Silversteen, had five rooms and was used for both high and elementary school. Ten students were required to have it designated a high school, and so a number of teachers took courses to meet this numerical requirement. In 1919 J. E. Ockerman became school principal and numbers increased. The school held grade one through grade eleven. In 1923 the school received accreditation by the state as busses started bringing larger numbers of students to the school. The old High School was completed in 1927. The old portion of the Elementary School was constructed in 1922, the new buildings were added in 1949 and this structure is now used as Junior High School.
• The Sylvan Valley News changed its name to Brevard News
• Camp Keystone for Girls established as the first camp for girls

1917

• The construction of the Silversteen residence, Silvermont, was completed. The name, once again, was an amalgamation of his last name steen and his wife’ s family name, Elizabeth Jean.

1919

• The first high school was located in Brevard. Due to rapid increases in enrollment, a new one opened in 1925

1920

• Rosenwald School formally opened its doors for African-American students
• Jail added to the rear of the Courthouse

1921

• February 23, Citizen’s Telephone Company incorporated

1922

• Transylvania County claims only 45 miles of highway, none of it paved. A few years later US Highway 64 between Brevard and Rosman was paved
• Riverside Sanitorium operated by Dr. R.L Stokes (in the Ramsey home on Greenville Hwy). Later moved to Country Club Road, renamed Brevard Hospital (now the Brian Center)

1923

• Transylvania County had its first accredited high school

1924

• Neoclassical Revival-style bank built be R. P. Kilpatrick (Brevard Banking Company)

1925

• Austin’s Photography Studio opened in downtown Brevard by William C. Austin
• Under Superintendent T.C. Henderson, Transylvania County became the first school system west of Raleigh to establish a nine-month term of school
• Brevard High School was constructed on South Broad Street

1926

• Brevard City Hall and Fire Station built by R. P. Kilpatrick. First municipal buildings dedicated to that purpose

1927

• “Jailhouse Hill” (N. Broad Street) constructed

1928

• Brevard Hospital sold to Drs. Summey and Lynch and renamed Transylvania Hospital

1930

• Transylvania Hospital closed for two years because of the “Great Depression”

1931

• The Brevard News changed its name to The Transylvania Times
• Davidson River Church and Brevard Presbyterian Church united to form the Brevard-Davidson River Presbyterian Church. 1In about 1800 there was a Presbyterians who regularly met near the current Pisgah Forest. The first permanent structure was built in 1826 in a grove donated by Benjamin Davidson for a “free meeting house”. Two years later the 28 members reorganized as the Davidson River Church. In 1855 a second building containing classrooms was constructed, but the structure was destroyed by fire in 1891. The civil war had brought a schism between the northern and southern groups but they united in 1896 The Davidson River church, known as the “Mother Church”, was also used by Baptists and Methodists. Leaders established five chapels, including one in 1887 on Probart Street. In 1891 this was organized as the Brevard Presbyterian Church with 29 members. Perhaps due to the low membership of both, members voted to merge in 1931 forming the Brevard-Davidson River Church. As membership increased there was a need for more space. So the Probart Street church was sold in 1949-50 and the Franklin Hotel on East Main Street was purchased. For a number of years worship services were held in the hotel. The cornerstone for the new sanctuary was laid in March 1956.

1933

• Brevard Institute closed
• Transylvania Hospital purchased by Drs. Newland and Cunningham and relocated to Norwood House on Probart Street. It became the Lyday Memorial Hospital, incorporated as a non-profit public institution with local trustees The Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933-1942. This government recovery program had two goals: to provide work for unemployed young men and to rehabilitate the nation’s ravaged land and forests. With Pisgah National Forest and Nantahala National Forest occupying approximately one-third of the county, Transylvania County was a prime location for the work of the CCC. Camp John Rock, located northwest of Brevard near the Pisgah Fish Hatchery and Camp Balsam Grove, which stood west of Brevard near the Balsam Grove community, trained young men from throughout North Carolina. The work of the CCC in this county was closely tied to the U.S. Forest Service and included trail construction, road building and maintenance, recreational site development, fish and wildlife improvement, fire hazard reduction, site restoration, landscape improvement and building construction. Young men also served as caretakers and hosts to the many visitors to the Pisgah National Forest’s camp and picnic grounds. CCC camps were operated by the U.S. Army with a beginning salary of around $30 per month. It was an all encompassing program and offered classes in basic education, telephone line construction, landscaping, truck driving and machine operation. Through cooperation with Brevard College, men could take classes in shorthand, typing and bookkeeping. There were also vocational guidance, job placement, athletics, music, hiking and moving pictures two nights a week. In addition to having a lasting effect on Pisgah National Forest, the CCC program also expected its young men to return home socially, culturally and economically rehabilitated and with greatly improved health and labor skills.

1934

• Rutherford and Weaver Colleges merged to create Brevard College. 1The Brevard Institute donated land on the edge of town for a college to provide education for young men and young women in western North Carolina. To concentrate resources and talent the United Methodist Church decided to centralize two older small colleges on the Brevard site. The oldest was the Owl Hollow School which started in 1853 in Burke County. At its inception the Reverent Laban Abernethy, a Methodist minister, established the principle that “None shall ever be turned away for want of means”. In time the school developed intoRutherford College which in 1900 was acquired by the Western North Carolina Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. In 1854 in the village of Weaver eight miles north of Asheville, a boarding house school was established. The building was destroyed by fire in 1872 . The following year Weaverville College was incorporated. In 1883 it was deeded to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. In 1912 it became a junior college and changed its name to College. 1In 1933 the Western North Carolina Conference ordered the merger Rutherford College and Weaver College on the land provided by the Brevard Institute. A Board of Trustees was created and Dr. Eugene Coltrane was appointed the first president. On September 17, 1934, College opened its doors to 385 students.

1935

• Lyday Memorial Hospital, due to population growth, moved back to its former Country Club location
• Construction started on Blue Ridge Parkway (completed 52 years later)

1936

• The Music Center founded by James C. Pfohl as a summer camp for boys at Davidson College; moved to Queens College in 1942 and became co-ed
• Construction of Brevard College stone fence and gate began; undertaken as a WPA project

1938

• March 28: Ecusta Paper Corporation qualified to do business in North Carolina
• Davidson River diverted during the construction of the Ecusta plant

1939

• August 6: The first cigarette paper was produced by Ecusta Paper Corporation in Pisgah Forest
• Lyday Memorial Hospital’s name changed to Transylvania Community Hospital

1941

• March 12: The four-room Rosenwald School mysteriously destroyed by fire

1943

• Search began for a perfect setting for “well-balanced program of outdoor recreation and instruction of music and art”. Place located at site of former Camp Transylvania for Boys.

1944

• Brevard Music Camp opened.

1946

• Brevard Catholic Society organized
• Brevard Music Festival introduced following camp session, August 9-11.

1947

• Toxaway Inn torn down

1949

• White squirrels came to Brevard
• Olin Industries of East Alton, Illinois purchased Ecusta Paper Corporation

1950

• Beulah Mae Zachary, founder of Brevard Little Theater, killed in airplane crash

1951

• Harry H. Straus, founder of Ecusta, died
• Camp Sapphire for Boys had been bought for use by Ecusta workers; renamed “Camp Harry H. Straus”
• Citizens Telephone Company established dial service. A new phone company building was constructed on Probart Street
• W. P. Mull was taking care of the white squirrels for his granddaughter when their escape and release occurred.

1954

• Ecusta Paper Corporation now owned by Olin-Mathieson

1955

• Brevard Music Camp name changed to Brevard Music Center

1956

• December: Library moved into a brick building on Courthouse grounds
• Brevard Music Center introduced as co-educational summer festival

1958

• July 11: Opening ceremonies for construction plant by E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. 1During the 1958-1962, at a small plant in Brevard, DuPont made hyperpure silicon for electronic devices. This plant was closed when the silicon process was discontinued due to market changes. Almost immediately these silicon workers were trained in film making and moved to the larger DuPont plant in the 12,000-acre Buck Forest. Pure water and air were required for making sensitive X-ray film. Most of the employees worked expertly in almost total darkness, making the highly sensitive film. This plant was the first in the country to make medical X-ray films on “Cronar” polyester film. In 1996, DuPont sold its Diagnostic Imaging business unit to a Houston-based investment firm, the Sterling Group.
• Joseph S. Silversteen died on October 18

1959

• The first football team at Rosman High School was organized under coach W. J. Cathey Jr.

1960

• Pisgah Cotton Mill closes
• Schenck Job Corps Civilian Conservation Center established in Pisgah Forest

National Timeline

1912

• New Mexico and Arizona joined the Union

1913

• 16th Amendment of the Constitution provides for a Federal Income Tax
• Henry Ford employed the assembly line (adapting the model of the meat packing industry)

1914

• Fair Trade Commission established

1915

• Marines intervened in Haiti, giving US control of the island

1916

• Pisgah National Forest established, proclamation signed by President Woodrow Wilson

1917

• April 6 the United States declared war on Germany
• First Selective Service Act covering men aged 18 – 45

1920

• January 16, 18th Amendment adopted prohibiting the manufacture or sale of intoxicating liquors (Prohibition)

1921

• Charlie Chaplin made his first full-length movie The Kid
• State of North Carolina assumes responsibility for a portion of its roads

1923

• George Gershwin wrote his popular Rhapsody in Blue

1925

• John Scopes prosecuted in Tennessee for teaching Darwin’s theories

1927

• Charles Lindbergh flew across the Atlantic ocean in his monoplane The Spirit of St Louis

1928

• American anthropologist Margaret Mead published best-seller Coming of Age in Samoa

1929

• Jacob Schick invented the “injector” razor, but concentrated work on the electric dry razor

1930

• “Harry” Hans Straus established the Champagne Paper Corporation in New York

1931

• Al Capone, crime syndicate boss, jailed for tax evasion

1932

• Carl Magee, responding to Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce, invented parking meter

1933

• December 21: Prohibition repealed

1935

• Beginning construction of the Blue Ridge Parkway

1936

• Carl Sandburg awarded the Pulitzer Prize for poetry

1938

• US virologist Wendell Stanley opened up the genetic study of viruses

1939

• John Steinbeck published Grapes of Wrath
• Russian immigrant Igor Sikorsky designed and flew the first helicopter
• The U-235 isotope of uranium was split at Columbia University

1940

• President Franklin Delano Roosevelt elected to an unprecedented third term

1941

• Scientists started working on the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb
• December 7: Pearl Harbor: loss of 19 ships, 140 aircraft, and 2,300 lives
• December 8: The US declared war on Japan
• December 11: US declared war on Germany and Italy
• President Roosevelt dedicated the Smoky Mountain Park

1942

• US naval forces prevent Japan’s free advance
• University of Chicago scientists, led by Enrico Fermi, achieved first nuclear chain reaction

1944

• G.I. Bill provided for education and other benefits for veterans

1945

• Percy L. Spencer invented the microwave oven

1949

• Medical researchers at Ohio State University first used cobalt-60 to treat cancer patients

1951

• U.S. Troops in Korea stopped communist north at the 38 parallel
• First Television broadcast from San Francisco to New York

1954

• Merger of Olin Industries and Mathieson Chemical Corporation
• American virologist, Jonas Edward Salk, developed polio vaccine
• In Brown vs Board of Education (Topeka, Kansas), U. S. Supreme Court found school segregation illegal

1956

• First video recording
• Elvis Presley made “Rock ‘n Roll” a household phrase

1958

• National Aeronautic Space Administration (NASA) established

1960

• John F. Kennedy elected President of the U. S.

World Timeline

1912

• Founding of the African National Congress in Bloemfontein, South Africa

1914

• June 28 Archduke Ferdinand of Austria assassinated. Start of WWI
• August 15 Panama Canal opened for shipping
• Edgar Rice Burroughs published Tarzan of the Apes, the first in a series

1915

• British super liner Lusitania sunk by German submarine, loss of 1,153 lives

1916

• Tanks used for the first time by British in the Battle of the Somme
• Edward Sharpey Schafer, British psychologist, identified the site for a hypothetical hormone, he called insulin which controlled food metabolism

1917

• Russia lost 5.5 million troops on eastern front against Germany - Lenin lead the Bolsheviks and established All Russian Congress of Soviets

1918

• November 11 an armistice was signed ending the First World War
• Oswald Spengler greatly impacted Germans with the publication of Decline of the West
• Bela Bartok produced his brooding opera “Bluebeard’s Castle”

1919

• World powers convene in Paris to sign the Treaty of Versailles
• League of Nations formed to preserve peace

1920

• Adolf Hitler became the 7th member of National Socialist German Workers Party, “Nazi Party”
• X-ray method to detect finger prints developed in France

1921

• Hermann Rorschach, psychologist, introduced the ink-blot tests

1922

• Mussolini demanded a fascist government in Italy
• Kemal Ataturk drove the Greeks from Turkey
• Tomb of King Tutanhkhamun opened by Howard Carter
• BCG tuberculosis vaccine introduced in France

1923

• Attempted coup by Adolf Hitler sent him to jail for 5 years
• September earthquake in Tokyo results is death of 150,000 people

1924

• January 21 Lenin died; Joseph Stalin took control of the party
• Founding of the Turkish Republic

1926

• Scottish inventor John Logie Baird demonstrated the television system

1930

• Haile Selassie acceded to the thrown as Emperor of Abyssinia
• Mahatma Gandhi began his campaign of civil disobedience
• Karl Landsteiner won the Nobel Prize for discovering different types of human blood

1933

• Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party, invited to become Chancellor of Germany

1934

• British historian, Arnold Toynbee, published Vol. I of A Study of History
• Enrico Fermi discovered that a chain reaction of nuclear fission could be achieved with uranium

1936

• German troops, violating the Treaty of Versalles, entered the demilitarized Rhineland
• Germany, Italy and Japan signed mutual aid pact

1937

• German dive-bombers destroyed a Basque city
• Japan invaded China
• Oxford University academic, J. R. R. Tolkein, published The Hobbit - first in great series

1938

• German oppression of the Jews, “Kristalnacht” - shops attacked, 30,000 to concentration camps

1939

• August: Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact signed
• September 1:Germany invaded Poland
• Sigmund Freud died in London

1940

• German forces occupied Denmark
• “Battle of Britain” was fought in the skies over southern England

1941

• Germany occupied part of Russia; by September Leningrad was surrounded

1942

• War in Europe and north Africa expands

1943

• Manhattan Project achieve first operational nuclear reactor
• First portable kidney dialysis machine

1944

• June 6 D-Day: British, US, and Canadian forces landed on the beaches in Normandy
• Age of Jets introduced with the RAF’s “Gloster Meteor” and Lufwaffe’s “Messerschmitt”

1945

• April 21: Soviet troops entered Berlin
• April 30: Hitler committed suicide
• May 7: Germany finally capitulated
• August 6:U.S. B-29 dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima
• August 9: U.S. dropped a second atomic bomb on Japan, on the city of Nagasaki
• August 15: Japan officially surrendered
• Structure and function of the United Nations Organization agreed on

1949

• October 7: The Chinese People’s Republic proclaimed
• Establishment of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

1950

• Korean War started when communist North Korea invaded South Korea
• India became an independent democratic republic under Jawaharlal Nehru

1951

• Soviet Union tested an atomic bomb
• Winston Churchill’ Conservatives returned to power in Britain

1952

• Elizabeth II became queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
• Mau Mau started seven year anti-colonial campaign in Kenya

1953

• The Korean War ended with an armistice signed in Panmunjom
• Dag Hammarskjold became influential Secretary-General of the United Nation
• Joseph Stalin died

1954

• Gamal Abdel Nasser became Prime Minister of Egypt
• Viet Minh defeated the French at Dien Bien Phu and Ho Chi Minh (in Hanoi) started the communist campaign against Ngo Dinh Diem in Saigon

1955

• Juan Peron, President of Argentina, forced into exile
• Russian-born Vladimir Nabokov published his most famous novel, Lolita

1956

• The Suez Canal was nationalized by Nasser. Israel, Britain and France attacked Egypt
• Hungary invaded by Soviet troops to crush anti-communist revolt

1957

• Sputnik I launched by the Soviet Union
• Boris Pasternak expressed his disappointment in the Russian Revolution in Dr Zhivago

1958

• Charles de Gaulle, by public demand, became president of France
• Fidel Castro began total civil war against the Batista regime

1959

• Fidel Castro takes over regime in Cuba
• Archbishop Makarios, exiled Cypriot leader, returned to Cyprus to head a provisional government

1960

• South African police opened fire on black demonstrators in Sharpeville killing 67 people
• Mrs. Bandaranaike of Ceylon, became the first female head of state in the modern world

1961

• Bay of Pigs invasion failed attempting to oust Fidel Castro in Cuba
• Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel in space, completing a single earth orbit aboard the capsule Vostock

Sources - Inter Alia:
(1.) Beazley, Mitchell (ed.): Time Lines: World History Year by Year since 1492. New York Crescent Books, 1991
(2.) Grun, Bernard: The Timetables of History. New York, Simon Schuster/Touchstone, 1991